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INTRODUCTION: Cancer patients are more susceptible to infections and infection can be more severe than in patients without cancer diagnosis. We conducted this retrospective study in patients admitted for SARS-CoV-2 infection in order to find differences in inflammatory markers and mortality in cancer patients compared to others. METHODS: We reviewed the electronic records of patients admitted for SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by PCR from March to September 2020. Data on socio-demographics, comorbidities, inflammatory makers and cancer-related features were analysed. RESULTS: 2,772 patients were admitted for SARS-CoV-2, to the Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal in Madrid during this period. Of these, 2597 (91%) had no history of neoplastic disease, 164 (5.9%) patients had a prior history of cancer but were not undergoing oncological treatment at the time of infection, and 81 (2.9%) were in active treatment. Mortality in patients without a history of cancer was 19.5%, 28.6% for patients with a prior history of cancer and 34% in patients with active cancer treatment. Patients in active oncology treatment with the highest mortality rate, were those diagnosed with lung cancer (OR 5.6 95% CI 2.2-14.1). In the multivariate study active oncological treatment (OR 2.259 95% IC 1.35-3.77) and chemotherapy treatment (OR 3.624 95% IC 1.17-11.17), were statistically significant factors for the risk of death for the whole group and for the group with active oncological treatment, respectively. CONCLUSION: Cancer patients on active systemic treatment have an increased risk of mortality after SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially with lung cancer or chemotherapy treatment.
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PURPOSE: Although outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) can be a good approach to treatment of infections, a lack of data regarding antibiotic stability in portable elastomeric infusion devices restricts its safe, appropriate, and effective use. The objective of this work was to complete a systematic peer-reviewed analysis of published articles about antibiotic stability in elastomeric infusion devices that provide evidence supporting their use in OPAT. SUMMARY: A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines was conducted in January 2021 to identify published articles about antibiotic stability in portable elastomeric infusion devices. The databases used were PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and a Cochrane database. A total of 1,615 original studies and conference communications were found. After title, abstract, and full-text review, 33 articles met the inclusion criteria. The data obtained included information about the stability of 30 different antibiotics. To our knowledge, this is the first review to summarize the available published data on the stability of antibiotics in portable elastomeric infusion devices. The results highlight the poor stability of some antibiotics in solution and the variability of the laboratory conditions in the included studies. CONCLUSION: This systematic review can serve as a useful resource for healthcare professionals involved in providing OPAT using portable elastomeric infusion devices. However, further stability studies should be performed, especially high-quality studies simulating real-life time and temperature conditions.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents , Infusion Pumps , Elastomers , Humans , Infusions, Parenteral , OutpatientsABSTRACT
COVID crisis has abruptly broken into our hospitals, and many difficulties have emerged, including those related to supply logistics. A huge number of new patients, a fast internal reorganization process and many other changes were suddenly established. These circumstances revealed the need to increase stocks of drugs, both for basic treatment as well as for specific SARS-CoV-2 infection management. At the same time, other problems (shortages, new and complex purchasing procedures, etc.) surfaced, so they could risk safety along the pharmacotherapeutic process. The main objective was to develop and implement all the necessary measures within the logistics circuit in order to ensure the availability of medicines for patients, as safely and effectively as possible, during the Coronavirus crisis. Firstly, two pharmacists were appointed to coordinate the whole process, and a preliminary analysis of the following aspects was carried out an estimation of needs to make an initial drug provisioning, a storage feasibility study and a global analysis of the logistics process to detect critical points. Three different circuits for medicines supply were established as some drugs were operated by Agencia Española de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios (AEMPS) or Servicio Madrileño de Salud (SERMAS), and others were under no restrictions. For stocks control, inventory was frequently reviewed and monitoring of prescription trends was implemented. For all new medicinal products, compliance with security standards was reviewed and relabeling was carried out if necessary. Criteria were defined for the storage of overstocks and it was placed an isolated area for quarantined drugs. Shortages inevitably occurred but their effects were partly mitigated by AEMPS and SERMAS. After all, we consider that the implemented procedure for logistics management may be reproducible, and the key points we have identified are the following: to enhance our quality management system, to develop an Action Plan for Healthcare Emergencies and to ensure the adequate training for all pharmacy staff. Furthermore, we also should address other aspects: to establish storage optimization strategies, to focus on a more advanced logistics management model, as well as to take advantage of the extraordinary multidisciplinary network, which has been consolidated during this COVID pandemic.
La crisis COVID ha irrumpido en los hospitales de forma abrupta, y ha planteado muchas dificultades de partida a todos los niveles, incluyendo la logística de adquisiciones. El aumento radical de pacientes, una aceleradísima reorganización interna y otros cambios pusieron de manifiesto un drástico incremento de necesidades, tanto de medicamentos básicos, como de aquellos específicos para soporte y tratamiento de la infección por SARSCoV-2. Paralelamente, surgieron otras dificultades como desabastecimientos, procedimientos de compra nuevos y más complejos, etc., que podían comprometer la seguridad del proceso de utilización de medicamentos. Nuestro objetivo consistió en establecer todas las medidas necesarias dentro del proceso logístico para garantizar de forma segura y eficaz la disponibilidad de los medicamentos para los pacientes durante la crisis COVID. En primer lugar, se designaron los farmacéuticos responsables del proceso, y se realizó un análisis preliminar de los siguientes aspectos: estimación de necesidades para realizar una compra inicial, estudio de viabilidad de almacenamiento y análisis logístico global para detectar puntos críticos. Se establecieron tres circuitos de adquisiciones, según se tratase de medicamentos intervenidos por la Agencia Española de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios (AEMPS), por el Servicio Madrileño de Salud (SERMAS) o medicamentos no sujetos a restricciones. Para el control de stocks se implementaron revisiones frecuentes de inventario y seguimiento de las tendencias de prescripción. En las especialidades nuevas recibidas se revisó el cumplimiento de los estándares de seguridad y se realizó reetiquetado en caso necesario. Se establecieron unos criterios para el almacenamiento de los sobrestocks y se destinó un área independiente para medicamentos en cuarentena. Los desabastecimientos fueron inevitables pero amortiguados por la gestión del SERMAS y la AEMPS. Una vez superada la crisis, consideramos que el procedimiento implantado para la gestión logística es reproducible, y sus puntos clave para aplicabilidad futura son: mantener y potenciar nuestro sistema de gestión de calidad, elaborar un plan de actuación para emergencias sanitarias y garantizar la adecuada formación de todo el personal. Asimismo, existen otros aspectos que debemos abordar: establecer estrategias de optimización del almacenamiento, enfocarnos hacia un modelo de gestión logística más avanzado, así como aprovechar la extraordinaria red multidisciplinar consolidada durante la crisis.
Subject(s)
Betacoronavirus , Coronavirus Infections , Pandemics , Pharmaceutical Preparations/supply & distribution , Pharmacy Service, Hospital/organization & administration , Pneumonia, Viral , Antiviral Agents/supply & distribution , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , COVID-19 , Coronavirus Infections/complications , Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy , Disaster Planning , Drug Labeling , Drug Prescriptions/statistics & numerical data , Drug Storage , Education, Pharmacy, Continuing , Health Services Needs and Demand , Humans , Interdisciplinary Communication , Inventories, Hospital , Pneumonia, Viral/complications , Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy , SARS-CoV-2 , Total Quality Management , COVID-19 Drug TreatmentABSTRACT
The WHO declared the SARS- CoV-2 outbreak a pandemic in March 11, 2020. Spain has been the third country with the highest number of reported cases of COVID-19. In the face of the pandemic, the authorities of the Autonomous Community of Madrid led an unprecedented transformation of hospital services by increasing the number of beds available, setting up temporary field hospitals in fairgrounds, and transforming hotels into support centers for patients with mild symptoms of COVID-19. In the light that this crisis will continue to be a real threat for the years to come, our hospital pharmacies need to be better prepared for similar outbreaks in the future. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Department of Hospital Pharmacy of Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón has faced four challenges: an exponential increase in the demand for resources, constant changes to therapeutic protocols and approaches, regulatory changes, and a dramatic impact on hospital staff (strain on human resources and psychological impact). This article is aimed at describing the main organizational changes implemented to the Department of Hospital Pharmacy of Hospital GU Gregorio Marañón and its relationship with other hospital pharmacies of the Community of Madrid. An account is provided of the strategies to be adopted for reorganizing a Department of Hospital Pharmacy and achieve a safe and effective use of medications. Strategies range from the creation of integral hospital task groups (COVID-crisis task group, protocolization task group, research task group) to the adaptation of the internal organization of the Department of Hospital Pharmacy, which encompasses aspects related to management and leadership; a communication plan (internal and external); staff management, and the reorganization and adaptation of processes. People, patients and professionals are at the core of these strategies. This paper is a reflection on key factors of "humanization in COVID times".
Con fecha 11 de marzo de 2020 la Organización Mundial de la Salud declaró el estado de pandemia por SARS-CoV-2. En algunos momentos de la crisis, España fue el tercer país del mundo en número de casos. Las autoridades de la Comunidad de Madrid, una de las más afectadas, han respondido con una transformación hospitalaria sin precedentes, aumentando el número de camas disponibles, creando hospitales de campaña en recintos feriales y transformando hoteles en centros de apoyo para pacientes leves. Dado que la aparición de estas crisis continuará siendo una amenaza real en los próximos años, es necesario revisar la preparación de nuestros servicios de farmacia para afrontar este tipo de situaciones. El reto al que se ha enfrentado el Servicio de Farmacia del Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón durante la crisis de la pandemia COVID-19 ha venido determinado por cuatro circunstancias: incremento exponencial de la demanda de recursos, cambios constantes en los protocolos y decisiones terapéuticas, cambios regulatorios y gran impacto en las personas (gestión de recursos y gestión de las emociones). En este trabajo se describen los principales cambios organizativos de un servicio de farmacia a través de la experiencia del Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón y sus relaciones con otros servicios de farmacia de la Comunidad de Madrid. Se detallan los procedimientos que deben contemplarse para la reorganización de un servicio de farmacia para lograr un uso seguro y eficiente de los medicamentos. Se detallan desde la participación en los comités globales de hospital (comité de crisis COVID, comité de protocolización y comité de investigación) hasta la organización interna del servicio de farmacia, que incluyen: gestión y liderazgo, plan de comunicación (interna y externa), gestión de las personas, reorganización y adaptación de los procesos. Las personas, pacientes y profesionales son los grandes protagonistas de esta actuación, por lo que incluimos una reflexión sobre los factores clave para la "humanización en tiempos de COVID".